- Hematology: This department is responsible for analyzing blood and blood-forming tissues. This includes tests for red and white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and assessments of blood clotting and bleeding times.
- Clinical Chemistry: This department performs tests on bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and spinal fluid to measure levels of hormones, enzymes, proteins, and glucose, among other substances.
- Microbiology: This department is responsible for identifying and characterizing infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that may cause illness in patients. They perform tests such as cultures, sensitivity testing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
- Histology and Cytology: This department specializes in the preparation and examination of tissue samples, such as biopsy specimens, for the diagnosis of diseases. This includes techniques such as tissue staining and examination under a microscope.
- Immunology and Serology: This department performs tests on blood and other bodily fluids to detect and measure the presence of antibodies and other immune markers that indicate the presence of infections, allergies, or autoimmune disorders.
- Coagulation: This department performs tests to assess blood clotting ability and to diagnose and monitor clotting disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis and hemophilia.
- Toxicology: This department performs tests to detect the presence of drugs, alcohol, and other toxic substances in the blood, urine, and other bodily fluids.
- Molecular Diagnostics: This department specializes in the use of genetic and molecular techniques to diagnose infectious diseases and inherited genetic disorders. This includes tests such as real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing.
- Blood Bank: This department is responsible for collecting, processing, and distributing blood products, such as red blood cells, platelets, and plasma, for transfusion to patients.
- Pathology: This department is responsible for the examination of tissue specimens and other samples to diagnose diseases and monitor treatment progress. This includes techniques such as tissue staining and examination under a microscope, as well as the interpretation of test results from other laboratory departments.
- Cytogenetics: This department performs tests to study chromosomes and gene changes, to diagnose genetic disorders, and to monitor the progression of certain diseases, such as cancer.
- Virology: This department specializes in the study of viruses and their effects on the body, including the diagnosis and management of viral infections.
- Transfusion Medicine: This department is responsible for ensuring the safe and appropriate use of blood products and other blood derivatives, including the selection of donors, testing of donated blood, and monitoring of patients receiving transfusions.
- Endocrinology: This department performs tests to measure levels of hormones and assess the function of the endocrine glands, such as the thyroid and adrenal glands, to diagnose and monitor endocrine disorders.
- Andrology: This department specializes in the study of male reproductive health, including the diagnosis and management of infertility, impotence, and other male reproductive disorders.